The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the pitch with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022